49、［A］claims［B］reports［C］declarations［D］proclamations
（本题分值：1分）
「正确答案」
A
［注释］本题也是考查一词多义知识。［A］CLAIM意为“索赔，要求，声称”，与上下文的意思相符，故选［A］。全句的意思是：受伤害索赔越少，工人的安全保险率越高。［B］REPORTS（报告）、［C］DECLARATIONS（宣言，声明）、［D］PROCLAMATION（宣布，声明）都与上下文的意思不符，所以排除。
［A］claims
［B］reports
［C］declarations
［D］proclamations
50、［A］an advantage［B］a benefit［C］an interest［D］a profit
（本题分值：1分）
「正确答案」
D
［注释］本题考查考生对英语中的一些常用习语的熟识程度。本句末尾的AT A LOSS是和AT A PROFIT对应的，故应选［D］。
［A］an advantage
［B］a benefit
［C］an interest
［D］a profit
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension（每题2分，共40分）Directions：
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEETⅠby blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（40 points）
单项选择题
Passage1
It"s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers" misfortunes.
Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might—surprise!—fall off. The label on a child"s Batman cape cautions that the toy"does not enable user to fly."
While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regualtions, it isn"t clear that they actually protect th he manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.
Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn"t have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who are paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet."We"re really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren"t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,"says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete"s injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones."Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,"says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
51、What were things like in the 1980s when accidents happened?
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
B
［注释］这是一道细节题?本题为细节推断题，搜索全文，题干中“1980"s”仅出现一次，在第四行。“……THE EARLY 1980"S， WHEN JURIES BEGAN HOLDING MORE COMPANIES LIABLE FOR THEIR CUSTOMERSMISFORTUNE”意为“公司要为顾客的不幸负责”，故答案为B.
［A］Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.
［B］Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.
［C］Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.
［D］Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.
52、Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
C
［注释］这同样是一道细节题。由第六行“FEELING THREATENED， ……POSSIBLE ACCIDENT.”推断可知答案为［C］。选项［A］易排除，因为公司不是为了“SATIFY”顾客，而是“FEELING THREATENED”，即它是害怕为顾客承担法律责任。
［A］satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products
［B］become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products
［C］make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability
［D］feel obliged to view customerssafety as their first concern
53、The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
A
［注释］这是一道逻辑细节题，问作者在文中援引SCHUTT头盔案例是何用意？典型的举例题型，一般来说，例子是为了说明前面的观点的。本题中“SCHUTT HELMET”案例在原文中的前几句话是LINE 14-15.观点是“一些法院开始支持被告即公司”，故答案为［A］。
［A］some injury claims were no longer supported by law
［B］helmets were not designed to prevent injuries
［C］product labels would eventually be discarded
［D］some sports games might lose popularity with athletes
54、The author"s attitude towards the issue seems to be [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
D
［注释］这是一道态度题，询问作者对这个问题的态度。作者态度题。本文作者只是客观的叙述事情刚开始是怎么样的，后来又发生了什么样的变化，没有掺入个人的观点。故为［D］。
译文解读外面的世界是危险的。如果你走出去，你有可能滑倒在门口的地垫上，摔伤一条腿。如果你点燃炉灶，你有可能烧毁整幢房子。如果地垫或炉灶上没有警告字样告诉你可能发生的危险，你或许可以幸运地就自己所受的伤害通过法律诉讼，成功地获得赔偿。在20世纪80年代初期之前，陪审团开始认为更多的公司应该对他们的消费者遭受的不幸负责，也许自那时起人们就不再这样粗略地认为。这是一篇叙述文。
第一段指出80年代初以来，在个人受伤索赔案中，法庭总是倾向于让公司对其顾客遭受的不幸负责。公司感到（赔偿的）威胁，便做出反应，写出的警告标签越来越冗长，以预测任何可能出现的事故。结果，现在的梯子上的警告标签达几英寸长，除了警告你可能发生其他的意外之外，还警告你有可能摔下来，这种警告真是莫名其妙；如儿童的蝙蝠侠玩具的斗篷上也警告说：本玩具“并不能使使用者飞行”。
虽然警示语常常是合理的和必要的，如有关药物的副作用可能产生的危害的警示语，而且许多是州或联邦法律要求的。但是，如果消费者受伤，这些警示语能否保护产销商免于责任呢？这还很难讲。因为当受伤的消费者把公司告到法庭上时，大约有50%的公司会输掉官司。第二、三段指出面对这样的情况，公司写出冗长的警告标语，避免可能要承担的法律责任。现在看来这种趋势正在有所改变。尽管人们依然还为产品所造成的人身伤害提出索赔，但有些法院已开始站在被告这一边，特别是处理那些即便是有警示语也无法避免伤害的案例时。五月份（美国）伊利斯州的SCHUTT体育公司被告，一位橄榄球队员戴了SCHUTT体育公司生产的头盔踢球时受伤瘫痪。该公司总裁JULIE NIMMMONS先生辩解道，“他瘫痪了我们非常难过，但是这种头盔设计时并不是用来防止这种伤害的”。陪审团也认为造成球员受伤的不是头盔，而是橄榄球运动本身（危险性）。公司因此胜 诉。同时，美国法学会——该组织由一群举足轻重的法官、律师和学者组成——宣布的新民事侵害法中的纲要指出：公司没有必要向消费者警告显而易见的危险，或者就可能产生的危险向他们提供一个长长的单子。康奈尔大学法学院的一位参与新纲要起草的法学教授说，“重要的信息可能被埋没在浩如烟海的细节里。”如果该法律组织的这一不太过分的要求能得以实行，产品上提供的警示信息实际上可能是用来保护消费者利益的，而不仅仅是为了保?公司免除法律责任。第四段指出情况发生了转变。一些法庭开始站到被告一边。
［A］biased
［B］indifferent
［C］puzzling
［D］objective
Passage2
In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they"re looking for. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability."Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,"says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company"s private intranet.
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to"pull"customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to"push"information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscriberscomputer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company"s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That"s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
55、We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
A
［注释］这是一道细节题。由原文第一句话推知：WEB BUSINESS在尽力的扩大它的市场。［D］选项有迷惑性，仔细研究第二句话可排除。
［A］has been striving to expand its market
［B］intended to follow a fanciful fashion
［C］tried but in vain to control the market
［D］has been booming for one year or so
56、Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
C
［注释］这是一道综合推断题。原文LINE 9“ANOTHER MAJOR SHIFT……”LINE 11“HOWEVER”揭示“战略从‘吸引顾客’转到了‘把信息推向顾客’”。
［A］the technology is popular with many Web users
［B］businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions
［C］there is a radical change in strategy
［D］it is accessible limitedly to established partners
57、In the view of Net purists，[].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
D
［注释］这是一道细节题，问网络纯净主义者对“网上强推”持何态度。第三段最后三句话。将“THAT"S A PROSPECT THAT HORRIFIES NET PURISTS”前面的观点取反?知答案为［D］。
［A］there should be no marketing messages in o nline culture
［B］money making should be given priority to on the Web
［C］the Web should be able to function as the television set
［D］there should be no online commercial information without requests
58、We learn from the last paragraph that [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
B
［注释］这是一道细节题。从最后一段所举的例子可推断知答案。“THE EXAMPLE OF …… SHOW THAT……WILL ATTRACT ONLINE CUSTOMERS.”译文解读大约在网上交易的第一年中，大部分业务活动都是围绕着努力开拓消费者市场而进行的。最近，随着网络被证明不是一时的时髦后，公司间才开始在网上交易产品和提供服务。公司间的这种交易方式能行得通是因为商人一般都知道自己所需要的产品。这是一篇议论文。
第一段指出商务活动主要是围绕着努力开拓消费者市场。然而，许多公司由于怀疑网络的可靠性仍对网络的使用犹豫不决。FORRESTER研究中心的资深分析家BLANE ERWIN说，“交易双方需要认识到他们可以信赖销售商和供应商之间的途径。”有些公司只向固定交易伙伴提供公司内部的局域网接点，它们通过这种在线交易方式来达到降低风险的目的。第二段指出许多公司仍对网络的可靠性表示怀疑。网络商业模式的另一个重大变化是营销策略的变化。直到最近，互联网上的销售活动主要是把用户“吸引”到自己的网站上来。然而，就在去年，软件公司开发出了新的技术，能让公司直接向用户“推销”信息——将销售信息直接传送给特定的用户。最突出的例子是POINTCAST网络，该网络使用一种屏幕保护系统，将最新的信息和广告不断地传送到用户的计算机显示器上。用户可以定制想要的信息，然后直接进入某个公司的网站。像VIRTUALVINEYARDS这样的公司已经开始使用类似的策略将有关特价商品、产品推销或其他活动的信息“推”向用户。但是，推销策略遭到许多网上用户的鄙视。网上文化珍视这样一个概念，即信息应传送给那些提出需求的用户。一旦商业广告不请自来地充斥了电脑屏幕，网络与电视就没多大差别了。这样的前景令网络净化者感到不安。第三段指出网络商务模式发生的重大变化是营销策略从拉顾客进入网站转到直接推营销信息到目标消费者，但许多网民反感这种硬塞方式。但是，网上公司完全可以避免使用“推销”策略来赚钱。VIRTUALVINEYARDS和AMAZON.COM（两个网站的名称）以及其他开拓者的例子表明：销售对路产品的网站，加上相互合作、礼貌周到、安全可靠这几方面恰到好处地结合起来，将同样能吸引网上客户。计算机的运算能力成本不断下降，这对于企事业单位在计算机上建立销售点是个好兆头。只要回顾一下过去5到10年的历史人们很可能会感到奇怪：为什么如此少的公司尝试在线服务呢？第四段指出事实证明不用推的强行策略也可赚钱。
［A］pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce
［B］interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers
［C］leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago
［D］setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power
Passage3
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of studentscareer prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction— indeed, contradiction—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons redically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone"s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Compntereducation advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.
59、The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
B
［注释］这是一道综合判断题。从原文1—3行可知有两派观点，一种是“为学生的就业前景考虑”，一种是“教改需要”，所以答案为［B］。
［A］far-reaching
［B］dubiously oriented
［C］self-contradictory
［D］radically reformatory
60、The belief that education is indispensable to all children [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
D
［注释］这是一道细节题。原文LINE 12—13“WITH OPTIMISM…, EVERY ONE IS FIT TO BE EDUCATED.”
［A］is indicative of a pessimism in disguise
［B］came into being along with the arrival of computers
［C］is deeply rooted in the minds of computered advocates
［D］originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries
61、It could be inferred from the passage that in the author"s country the European model of professional training is [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
C
［注释］这是一道推断题。题干中“EUROPEAN”在原文中易定位，在第三段，注意第三段第三行的“HOWEVER”，可知作者是持否定态度的，故选［C］。
［A］dependent upon the starting age of candidates
［B］worth trying in various social sections
［C］of little practical value
［D］attractive to every kind of professional
62、According to the author, basic computer skills should be [].
>（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
A
［注释］这是一道细节题。本题考词汇。原文LINE 29“……BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS ARE ONLY COMPLEMENTARY TO……”。选项［A］中AUXILIARY和COMPLEMENTARY同为“辅助，补充”之意。译文解读关于计算机课堂教学，在认识上存在着一条无形的界限，那就是有人提倡以此来增加学生的就业前景，有人则希望以此达到从根本上改革教育的目的。很少有人撰写文章来描述这一区别，或者更确切地说是矛盾，但是这一问题正是主张用计算机课堂教学这一运动的症结之所在。这是一篇议论文。第一段提出计算机教学是为了职业教育还是基本教育改革目的这个问题的分界线不明，并且没有引起足够的重视。为了使学生获得一种工作的教育是职业教育，设立这种教育的目的与法律所要求的人都需要教育的目的截然不同。法律要求所有孩子在十几岁前接受教育的目的并不是单纯的为了增加他们的就业希望。然而，我们对一个美国公民的素质有一种既定的认识，（他们）认为：如果他不能充分地评价外界因素对其生活和幸福的影响，他的个性是不完整的。但是，情况并不总是如此，在法律规定所有孩子必须在校学习到某个年龄之前，人们普遍认为有些孩子的本性并不适合接受这种教育的。随着乐观思想在所有工业化国家的不断深入，人们开始接受每个人都适合受教育这一观念。主张计算机教育的人放弃了这种乐观主义认识，取而代之的是一种悲观的态度，这种悲观态度背离了他们本来应该有的乐观的观念。一方面是主张为普通教育而设立计算机课堂教学，另一方面是主张职业是目的，基于对以上两种目的的混淆，计算机教育的倡导者常常只强调计算机对就业前景的影响而忽视了其教育成就。对适当的学生进行职业教育也有某些充足的论据。为了使孩子们具备将要从事的职业所需要的技能，很多欧洲学校很早就引进了职业教育这一概念。然而如果因此就坚持地认为只有这么多的工作在等着同样多的科学家、商人及会计师来做，就未免太自以为是了。况且，在像我们这样一个经济发展遍及很多地区，同时又有许多跨国公司的大国中，职业教育不可能培养出每一种职业所需要的足够的专业型人才。第二、三段指出职业教育不同于义务普及教育。普及教育认为每个人都适于受教育，职业教育更强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽视教育成效，因而欧洲的职业教育模式不适用于美国。但是，相对于为数不多的学生来说，职业培训有可能是必要的，因为假设其他条件相同，熟练的技能有可能是他们最后能否找到工作的决定性因素。目前所有使用的任何计算机的基本技能都是很简单的，学会使用各种软件不必花费毕生的时间。当然如果想成为计算机工程师，那完全是另一回事。掌握计算机基本技能最多只需要一两个月。不管怎样，计算机基本技能只能是一种想要成为专业型人员所需要的各种职业技能的补充。当然，应该看到，不管是普通学校还是职业学校，如混淆其目的，都不会从中受到益处。第四段指出职业教育中，计算机基础技能只起到一种补充作用。
［A］included as an auxiliary course in school
［B］highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications
［C］mastered through a life-long course
［D］equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise
Passage4
When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 d ays with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group—the National Bioethics Advisory Commission （NBAC）—has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a nearfinal draft of their recommendations.
NBAC will ask that Clinton"s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells—routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.
In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning." Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.
NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo"s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone inte rview, he said this issue was still "up in the air."
63、We can learn from the first paragraph that [].
（本题分值：2分）
「正确答案」
B
［注释］这是一道综合判断题。原文1—2行，CLINTON得到有关克隆的消息就宣布他反对克隆人，可得到答案［B］。
［A］federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans
［B］the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning
［C］NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique
［D］the White House has got the panel"s
http://m.tuzhexing.com/zhongkao/1107244/